Artikkelit jotka sisältää sanan 'Classification'
Peräpohjolan rimpikoivulettojen, lähityyppien ja keskustavaikutteisten rimpilettojen tunnuslajit ja lajimäärä: analyysi klassisesta aineistosta.
English title: Diagnostic species and richness of wet rich birch fens, corresponding fens and rich flark fens in NBs Finland: analysis from a classic data.
Original keywords:
ekologinen tulkinta;
kasvillisuusluokittelu;
sirppisammalrimpineva;
kuirisammalrimpiletto
English keywords:
ecological interpretation;
vegetation classification;
Warnstorfia exannulata fen;
Calliergon richardsonii fen
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Testasimme Ruuhijärven (1960) klassisen kasvillisuusaineiston pohjalta Peräpohjolan aapasuoalueen mesotrofisten sirppisammalrimpinevojen (MeSsRiN), Richardsonii rimpilettojen (RicRiL), rimpisten koivulettojen (RiKoL) ja keskustavaikutteisten rimpilettojen (2 alatyyppiä, RevRiL, ScoRiL) luokittelua klusterianalyysin avulla. Tyypeistä erityisesti Peräpohjolaan keskittyvät Richardsonii rimpiletot ovat huonosti tunnettuja. Kyseessä on pienen aineiston analyysi (noin 50 näytealaa). Ordinaation avulla tulkitsimme aineiston päävaihtelusuunnat ja erityishuomion kiinnitimme klusterianalyysin esiin tuomaan kasvillisuuden hierarkkiseen rakenteeseen ja lajimääriin. Klusterianalyysin testikasvillisuusyksiköt nimesimme yhdistäen kasvisosiologisen Braun-Blanquet luokittelun ja cajanderilaisten suotyyppien nimeämistavan piirteitä. Ennakkoluokitteluista riippumaton testiluokittelu osoittautui hyvin samanlaiseksi kuin näytealojen alkuperäinen luokittelu. Rimpistä koivulettoa ja Richardsonii rimpilettoa lähinnä vastaavat klusterit muodostivat hierarkian alimman tason, jota kutsumme rimpikoivulettoryhmäksi. Richardsonii rimpilettoa vastaavan klusterin tunnuslajiksi saatiin kuitenkin lettokuirisammalen sijasta pohjansirppisammal Warnstorfia tundrae. Boreaalinen rimpikoivulettoryhmä, ja sen sisällä erityisesti Richardsonii rimpilettoa vastaava klusteri, osoittautui Suomen pohjoisboreaalisten aapa- ja palsasoiden rimpinevojen- ja lettojen lajirikkaimmaksi habitaatiksi Ruuhijärven (1960) aineiston perusteella. Lajirikkaudelle löydettiin kasvimaantieteellinen selitys. Tutkimus toi kaksi aineistollista näkökohtaa kysymykseen, onko Richardsonii rimpiletto rimpisestä koivuletosta erillisenä noteerattava kasvillisuusyksikkö pelkän pohja-, kenttä- ja pensaskerroksen lajikoostumuksen perusteella tarkasteltuna. (1) Aineistosta puuttuu tunnettu suursaravaltainen kasvillisuustapaus, joka vaikeuttaa yksikköjen varmaa määrittelyä tällä hetkellä, samoin raja luhtaisempaan kasvillisuuteen on osin auki. (2) Ruuhijärven nykyisestä aineistosta tehty analyysi kuitenkin tuo rimpistä koivulettoa ja Richardsonii-rimpilettoa vastaavien klustereiden välille ekologisesti tulkittavan eron, mikä saattaa viitata kahteen alatyyppiin tai varianttiin. Sen sijaan rimpiset koivuletot ja Richardsonii-rimpiletot/ kuirisammalrimpiletot ovat analyysin perusteella kasvillisuudeltaan kaukana keskustavaikutteisista rimpiletoista (ScoRiL, RevRiL), mikä saattaisi olla hyvä ottaa jollakin tavalla huomioon myös uhanalaisuutta haarukoivassa luontotyyppiluokittelussa.
Häädetkeitaan ja Kauhanevan allikkorakenteen muutokset vuosina 1947–2017 kaukokartoituksen perusteella.
English title: Changes in the open water hollows in Häädetkeidas and Kauhaneva mires during 1947–2017 based on remote sensing.
Original keywords:
ilmastonmuutos;
geomorfologia;
ilmakuvat;
kaukokartoitus;
keidassuot;
maximum likelihood;
ohjattu luokittelu;
PlanetScope
English keywords:
climate change;
Remote Sensing;
Aerial images;
Geomorphology;
Maximum likelihood;
PlanetScope;
Supervised classification
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Keidassuot ovat Etelä-Suomen yleisin suoyhdistymätyyppi. Ne saavat vetensä ja ravinteensa sateen mukana. Keidassoiden pintaa luonnehtivat kuivat harjanteet, kermit, ja märät painanteet, kuljut. Ilmaston lämpeneminen vähentää talven lumisuutta ja lisää haihduntaa, minkä on arvioitu laskevan keidassoiden vedenpintaa. Tämä voi aiheuttaa muutoksia keidassoiden ekosysteemissä ja kiihdyttää ilmaston lämpenemistä paikallisesti. Keidassoilla tapahtuvia pitkäaikaismuutoksia on tutkittu kuitenkin verraten vähän.
Tässä työssä tarkastellaan vesipintaisten kuljujen eli allikoiden määrässä 70 vuoden aikana tapahtuneita muutoksia ilma- ja satelliittikuvien avulla. Tutkimuskohteina ovat kaksi Länsi-Suomessa sijaitsevaa keidassuota: Häädetkeidas ja Kauhaneva. Pitkän ajan muutosta seurataan ilmakuvien objektiperusteisen segmentoinnin ja ohjatun suurimman todennäköisyyden luokittelun avulla. Yksittäisen kasvukauden aikaista muutosta tarkastellaan satelliittikuvien ja ohjatun suurimman todennäköisyyden luokittelun avulla. Tuloksia verrataan tarkasteluajanjaksolta kerättyihin säätietoihin.
Tulosten perusteella allikoiden lukumäärä ja pinta-ala ovat vaihdelleen tarkastelujakson aikana. 1940-luvulta 1970-luvulle asti pinta-aloissa ja lukumäärissä on ollut kasvua, minkä jälkeen ne ovat vähentyneet. 1940-luvun tilanteeseen nähden allikoiden lukumäärä on Häädetkeitaalla vähentynyt 13,8 % ja pinta-ala on vähentynyt 14,8 %. Kauhanevalla lukumäärä on vähentynyt 5,3 % ja pinta-ala on vähentynyt 6,3 %. Alueen keskilämpötila on samaan aikaan noussut yli 1 °C. Satelliittikuva-analyysin perusteella vaihtelu voi yksittäisen kasvukauden aikana olla kuitenkin voimakasta, mikä aiheuttaa epävarmuutta pitkän ajan muutoksen tulkintaan.
Tulokset osoittavat, että keidassoilla tapahtuu kaukokartoitusmenetelmin havaittavia pintarakenteen muutoksia, joilla on todennäköisesti kytkös ilmasto-olosuhteiden muutokseen.
Suomen suosysteemit - erityistarkastelussa aapasuot ja niiden vedenvirtauskuviointi.
English title: Mire systems in Finland - special view to aapa mires and their water-flow pattern.
Avainsanat:
mire classification;
raised bog;
aapa mire;
groundwater;
mire hydrology;
aerial photograph interpretation;
peatland morphology;
slope fen
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An attempt is made in this paper to create two consistent mire typologies, i.e. 1) the Combined Finnish Mire Typology covering all possible mire areas in Finland and 2) the Mire Water Flow Typology for boreal, zonal mire systems, i.e. aapa mires and raised bogs. Furthermore, larger groundwater recharge-discharge patterns concerning mires and the biological significance of morphologic and hydrologic mire classifications are discussed. Zonal mire systems from raised bogs to aapa mires are described as a dominance-based continuum. Local mire systems are subdivided according to factors that impede the formation of mire massifs, which are the essential morphological units of zonal mire systems. Smaller-scale mire units for aapa mires and the acrotelmic flow pattern are presented on the basis of a typical mid-boreal aapa mire system with a raised bog, based on the aerial photograph interpretation. The discussion of the groundwater recharge-discharge pattern and the biological significance of morphologic and hydrologic mire classifications is based on literature.
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Laitinen,
University of Oulu, Department of Biology, Botany, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Rehell, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Huttunen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Tahvanainen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Kahden kasvupaikkaluokitusmenetelmän vertailu suon kasvillisuuskartoituksessa.
English title: Comparative application of two vegetation classification approaches to large-scale mapping of bog vegetation.
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This article focuses on geobotanical mapping with special emphasis on mire vegetation.
A brief review of the history of mire mapping in Russia is given. The purpose
of the research reported here is to promote the application of cartographic methods to
phytosociological studies as well as to contribute to further development of methods
for large-scale mapping of mire vegetation. Kudrovsky mire massif (Leningrad region,
NW Russia) was chosen as the study area. Two vegetation maps were prepared on the
basis of different vegetation classifi cation approaches, namely the dominant (ecologicphytocoenotic)
and fl oristic (Braun-Blanquet) methods. The same vegetation relevé
data were classifi ed using both approaches and the resulting classifi cations were used
to construct legends for the maps. The traditions and problems of Russian vegetation
cartography are briefl y discussed.
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Galanina,
Kainuu Regional Environment Centre, Friendship Park Research Centre, Lentiirantie 342, FIN-88900 Kuhmo, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Arokosteikot: ekologia, esiintyminen ja suojelutilanne Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla ja Kainuussa.
English title: Aro wetlands: ecology, occurrence and conservation in north-central Finland.
Avainsanat:
Nature conservation;
aapa mire;
ecological gradient;
Finnish mire site type system;
groundwater;
mire complex;
peatland morpology;
seasonal drought;
wetland classification
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The present paper introduces and describes a poorly known wetland type – aro wetland – in well permeable mineral soil substratum in Northern Ostrobothnia and Kainuu (between 64° – 66° N lat.). Field observations (linked with the interpretation of aerial photographs) were made in 32 localities, whose conservation status is presented. We define boreal aro wetlands ecologically as a seasonal wetland type of their own which occur on well-drained mineral soil, which are mainly characterised by treeless, mire expanse fen vegetation and in which the peat accumulation is (almost) totally hampered by the vigorous decomposition of the organic matter resulting from an extremely unstable water regime (flood and seasonal drought) and small plant production. Aro wetlands in the western part of the study area occur on sandy substratum (the largest in parts of mire complexes split by ancient raised beach ridges), whereas in the eastern part the aro wetlands known so far are small pond-like depressions in till substratum. Carex lasiocarpa (mostly) dominates the vegetation on sandy substratum. Juncus filiformis and Carex nigra are typical, and Rhynchospora fusca and Molinia caerulea a bit rarer. Sphagnum cover is usually minimal. Considering aro wetlands an extreme case of suo (mire) makes the stability of water regime (stable – unstable) a direction of variation in the traditional Finnish mire site type system, which is based on several ecological gradients.
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Laitinen,
University of Oulu, Department of Biology, Botany, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Rehell, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Huttunen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Eurola, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Kasvillisuuden sukkessio ja monimuotoisuus Teuravuoman koeojitusalueella Pohjois-Suomessa.
English title: Vegetation succession and diversity on Teuravuoma experimental drainage area in northern Finland.
Avainsanat:
fen;
aapa mire;
compositional gradients;
FUPGMA classification;
GNMDS ordination;
peatland vegetation
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This case study deals with the effects of forest drainage on six mire site types represented by 33 permanent sample plots within a Finnish aapa mire complex located in north boreal vegetation zone. We analysed the main compositional gradients, the abundances of plant species and the diversity of vegetation. The vegetation descriptions were made about at the time of drainage in 1933 and after that in 1943, 1950 and 1994. The forest drainage emphasized the importance of spruce mire and hummock-level bog influences (mire margin and mire expanse effects respectively) in controlling the structure of plant communities. The change of plant community was greatest on fertile mire site types, also spruce mire influence promoted the secondary succession. As expected, the shallow-rooted and/or demanding flark-level vascular plants and (eutrophic) fen mosses had not been able to adapt to the ground water level drawdown. At first, after drainage, species number, Shannon's H' and Simpson's D increased: many mire species of hummock and intermediate level microsites had increased while also pioneer and forest species had colonized the plots. By 1994, however, as the mire species were decreasing these measures had turned to decline except on the (most) infertile site types. Pielou's J' and the evenness based on D reacted vaguely, decreasing a little, though, from 1933 to 1994. Thus, in such cases the dominance in the vegetation had increased. The beta-diversity describing here the differences between plant communities (or site types) decreased along with the hydrological conditions becoming more uniform after drainage.
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Hotanen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O.Box 68, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Nousiainen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Paalamo, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Karjalan tasavallan Vodlajärven kansallispuistossa sijaitsevan Lishkansuon kasvillisuus.
English title: Vegetation of Lishkmokh mire in Vodlozersky National Park, eastern Karelian republic, Russia.
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The article presents the results of Finnish-Karelian co-operation in mire conservation research with the aim to study the diversity of mires in Finland and Russian Karelia on a uniform basis. The classification of mires in Finnish and Karelian schools of vegetation science has been compared. The vegetation of Lishkmokh mire has been studied using aerial photographs and field surveys. The area consists of ombrotrophic bog complexes as well as aapamires, all in a totally virgin state. As a result of the surveys, two maps of vegetation have been compiled. Results of vegetation analyses in releves have been presented in the form of tables and DCA ordination. According to the Finnish mire classification, 32 mire site types have been distinguished, which is a high number in an area of c. 2000 ha. On the basis of the high diversity of site types, and the occurrence of some rare plant species, e.g. Juncus stygius, Drepanocladus vernicosus and Meesia triquetra as well as some eastern species like Rubus humulifolius and Polygonum bistorta, the conservation value of Lishkmokh mire can be considered as very high.
Key words: Karelia, mire classification, mire conservation, mire vegetation
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Antipin,
Karelian Research Centre, Biological Institute, Laboratory of mire ecosystems, Pushkinskaya 11, RUS-185610 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Heikkilä, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Lindholm, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Tokarev, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Pituusboniteettisovellus ojitusalueiden metsille.
English title: Site index model approach for drained peatland forest stands.
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The site index system presented is intended as support for the idea of developing a more hierarchical and integrated forest classification system in Finland. The data used were obtained from stands growing on old permanent experimental plots laid out in drainage areas in southern Finland. The model, describing the post-drainage development of stand dominant height as a function of drainage age (time elapsed since drainage), is based on successive measurement data (465 observations), collected from 89 plots, each representing a single stand. The site indices H40dr are post-drainage dominant height values 40 years since drainage, given in 2-meter classes. Post-drainage dominant height is defined as the difference between the current dominant height and the dominant height at the time of drainage. In classification work, one needs to know (or measure) the two aforementioned height characteristics, together with age since drainage. If the dominant height at the time of drainage is not known, it can be estimated from a function presented herein and based on current dominant height and drainage age. The mean annual volume increments at 40 years since drainage (MAI40) are also presented. There is still a need for examining separately the accuracy of the model with new data from spruce-, pine- and birch-dominated stands, collected for numerical constructions of site index curves. Therefore, the site index model and its characteristics must be seen more as outlines than as a final system for practical application. A well-functioning ditch network is a default when applying the site index curves.
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Gustavsen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O.Box 68, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Karujen rämeiden kunnostusojituskelpoisuus.
English title: Evaluation of ditch network maintenance on drained poor pine mires.
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In the southern part of Finland there are over 400 000 hectares of old drainage areas which are on very poor pine mires. This paper presents their problematic site type classification, growing stock variation and some criteria to evaluate the profitability of the ditch network maintenance.
Keywords: Classification, drainage, peatlands, profitability
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Saarinen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Station, SF-39700 Parkano, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Silver, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Viron suot ja niiden käyttö.
English title: Estonian mires and their utilization.
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In this paper, the mire classification system and its development in Estonia are reviewed. In addition the utilization of mires for peat harvesting, forestry, agriculture and conservation are outlined. There are two main groups of mires in Estonia — an eastern and a western type. Mire vegetation has been classified according to site conditions, community composition and structure. During the primary succession of mire communities, a number of fen communities converge to a smaller number of bog communities. The post-drainage succession is also convergent. Estonian mires are intensively utilized for peat harvesting. There is a clear need for a comprehensive mire protection and utilization plan.
Keywords: Classification, Estonia, nature conservation, succession, vegetation
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Zobel,
Department of Botany and Ecology, Tartu University, Lai St. 40, Tartu, Estonia
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Eteläsuomalaisten metsaojitettujen turvemaiden kasvillisuuden numeerinen ryhmittely.
English title: Post-drainage development of vegetation in southern Finnish peatlands studied by numerical analysis.
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The vegetation data from virgin and corresponding drained mire site types collected by Juhani Sarasto in the 1950's were reanalyzed using DCA and TWINSPAN. The main gradient in the material was a complex gradient called the mire margin-mire expanse -effect. During secondary succession, after forest drainage, the variation of mire site types diminished as the importance of hydrology decreased. The difference between the vegetation of treeless plus composite and forested mire site types could still be detected after the site types had reached the drained peatland forest type phase in their post-drainage succession.
Keywords: Classification, ordination, succession
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Hotanen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O. Box 68, SF-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Vasander, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Suometsätieteellinen tutkimus Ruotsissa.
English title: Peatland forestry research in Sweden.
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Former and present peatland forestry studies by the Department of Forest Soils of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Umeå) are presented, based on a tour to field experiments in north, mid and south Sweden. Up to the 1970s, major interest was paid to the nutrition of drained, originally treeless or sparsely treed fens and bogs. Several fertilization experiments since the first wood ash trials in Norra Hällmyren have indicated the necessity of P and K application to ensure afforestation and satisfactory growth of Scots pine on such sites. Silvicultural problems on drained peatlands, such as regeneration on highly productive peatlands, planting techniques, commercial thinnings, as well as gas exchange in peat and the distribution of nutrients in a peatland forest ecosystem are the focus of a large-scale project started in 1985. The preliminary results of the regeneration experiments, i.e. the effectiviness of spruce shelter wood (140-200 trees per ha) against frost damage during the growing season, are discussed. A brief description of the present classification and post-drainage site index system for peatlands is also given.
Keywords: Classification, drainage, nutrient status, regeneration
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Hökkä,
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Station, P.O. Box 16, SF-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Penttilä, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
The Finno-Swedish mire terminology.
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The Swedish botanical mire terminology used in Finland for teaching students in biology at the University of Helsinki/Helsingfors and pupils in primary and secondary schools differs from that used in silviculture, e.g. by forestry technicians. In this paper some discrepancies between the mire terminologies used by the Swedish-speaking people in Finland, as well as the Swedish mire terminology used in Sweden are elucidated. An improved Swedish terminology is suggested.
Key words: Classification, peatland, terminology
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Haeggström,
Department of Botany, University of Helsingfors, Unionsgatan 44, SF-00170 Helsingfors, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Esimerkki pseudolajien runsauskynnysten muuntelun vaikutuksesta TWINSPAN-Iuokittelussa.
English title: The effect of pseudospecies cut level settings on the results of TWINSPAN classification.
Avainsanat:
drained peatlands;
mire classification;
vegetation;
mire site type;
multivariate analysis
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TWINSPAN classifications of the same drained mire vegetation data using four different pseudospecies cut level scales were compared. The material consisted of 96 sample plots located on drained spruce and pine mires in eastern Finland. The pseudospecies cut level scales were the octave scale (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64%), a coarse scale (0, 5, 10, 20 and 50%), TWINSPAN default settings (0, 2, 5, 10 and 20%), and presence/absence. The classificatons were quite similar at the first division but they differed markedly from each other at the final third division showing that the choice of cut levels has an important effect on TWIN-SPAN results. The sample plots in one TWINSPAN cluster defined with set of cut levels were allocated to several clusters defined with other cut level settings. The presence/absence setting resulted in a classification which was the most different from the classification made using the default settings. The TWINSPAN classifications performed using the default and octave scale settings corresponded the best with the field classification of the plots and were ecologically the most interpretable.
Keywords: Drained peatlands, mire classification, mire site type, multivariate analysis, vegetation
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Hotanen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O. Box 68, SF-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Suoekosysteemin toiminnallinen ryhmitys.
English title: The functional grouping of mire ecosystems and their response to drainage.
Avainsanat:
mire classification;
mire site types
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The results of inventories of drained peatlands have occasioned criticism of profitless drainage. For the better understanding of the mire ecosystem a functional and structural division of mires is presented. This is based on the nutrient cycle, the mire margin — mire expanse-effect, the carbon balance and the community structure of mire sites. The suitability for drainage is discussed on the basis of the ecology. A suggestion is made for further treatment of drained mire complexes.
Keywords: Mire classification, mire site types
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Eurola,
Department of Botany, Oulu University, SF-90570 Oulu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Huttunen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Metsäojitettujen soiden luokittelu.
English title: Classification of peatlands drained for forestry.
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In the Finnish classification of drained peatlands in practical forestry, the post-drainage successional plant communities of recently drained areas have been traditionally classified according to their original mire site type (33 different types in forestry use), whereas the more stable communities of older drainage areas have been classified into so called "drained peat-land forest types" (4 types). This system is not firmly based on ecological factors or forestry requirements. The classification would be more logical and operational in forestry, if the successional plant communities of younger drainage areas already were classified into the drained peatland forest types. The paper describes seven such drained peatland forest types: herb-rich type, Vaccinium myrtillus type (I) and (II), Vaccinium vitis-idaea type (I) and (II), dwarf-shrub type and the Cladina type, which have their parallels in the series of upland forest types. The traditional V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea types have each been divided into two types; type (I) develops from genuine, forested mire types and type (II) from treeless and sparsely forested composite types. The proposed classification is supported by tree stand and peat property data presented in the paper.
Keywords: Classification, drained peatlands, vegetation
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Laine,
Department of Peatland Forestry, University of Helsinki, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Korpirämeet ja karut korvet suomalaisissa suoluokitusjärjestelmissä.
English title: The place of spruce-pine mires and oligotrophic spruce mires in Finnish peatland site type classifications.
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In Finland three different mire classification systems can be distinguished: 1) those for ecological purposes based on detailed botanical surveys, 2) those for scientific forestry research purposes, and 3) more extensive systems for practical forestry purposes. All systems are based upon Cajan-der's site-type principle whereby habitats which are ecologically similar are considered to support a similar vegetation. The classification (site type names, analogy/correspondence, nutrient status level) of spruce-pine mires and oligotrophic spruce mires according to the above-mentioned systems is compared. Some criticism concerning especially the confusing naming of the same type is presented. The varying post-drainage suc-cession in these site type groups is also discussed. Finally an attempt to distinguish the more oligotrophic spruce-pine mires from the less oligotrophic ones is made.
Keywords: Drainage, mire classification, site type, succession, trophy
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Hotanen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O. Box 68, SF-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Metsäojitettujen soiden kasvupaikkaluokituksen suunnanhakua.
English title: The need of improving the site classification of mires drained for forestry.
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Tekijä
A review of the historical development of mire site classification in Finland with special emphasis on the studies and theories of post-drainage succession is made. Some criticism of the prevailing classification system is presented and a work model for guiding further study of drained mire classification is proposed. Preliminary results of a new approach to classify the vegetation of old peatland forests using TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination techniques are presented.
Keywords: Drainage, mire classification, site type, succession
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Reinikainen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Department of Peatland Forestry, P.O. Box 18, SF-01301 Vantaa, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Turpeen ravinteisuuden suhde pintakasvillisuuteen sararämeillä.
English title: Relation of peat nutrients to ground vegetation communities on sedge pine fens.
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Vegetation and peat nutrient data from 167 sample plots representing microsites on sedge pine fens are related. The plant data was analysed by two numerical multivariate methods: DECOR AN A-ordination and TWINSPAN-classification. The connection between the results of the numerical analyses and the surface peat nutrient contents is discussed. Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium showed the closest relationship to those plant sociological variations that were interpreted as trophy-dependent. The variation in soil data within classes could not be diminished by using numerical classification methods instead of the Cajanderian peatland site type.
Keywords: peatland classification, peat nutrient contents, multivariate analysis.
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Schneider,
Department of Peatland Forestry, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 B, SF-00I70, Finland.
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Westman, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Quebecin soista ja metsäojitustoiminnasta.
English title: Peatlands and forest drainage in Quebec, Canada.
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Tekijä
The interest in peatland forestry in Quebec is increasing as the peatlands of the St-Lawrence valley are considered to have a good drainage response capacity A relatively important forest drainage project is being carried out on a practical scale. However, the lack of a practically oriented peatland classification system is an important drawback. This paper is an attempt to produce a preliminary classification system intended for practical peatland forestry.
Keywords: Quebec, forest drainage, site type classification.
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Schneider,
University of Helsinki, Department of Peatland Forestry, Unioninkatu 40 B, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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